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Japan's national currency is the yen. After the US dollar and the euro, it is the third most traded currency on the foreign exchange market. In addition, it is frequently used as a third reserve currency in place of the euro and the US dollar. The present monetary system in Japan was established by the New Currency Act of 1871, which set the yen's definition as 1.5 g of gold or 24.26 g of silver and decimalized it into 100 sen or 1,000 rin. Both the earlier Tokugawa coinage and the different hansatsu paper currencies issued by the han were replaced by the yen. In 1882, the Bank of Japan was established and granted exclusive authority over managing the money supply. The yen lost a lot of its value prior to World War II. As part of the Bretton Woods system, the yen exchange rate was set at Y=360 per US$ in order to stabilize the Japanese economy. The yen depreciated and was allowed to float after that system was abandoned in 1971. Due to the 1973 oil crisis, the yen had periods of appreciation and depreciation, reaching a value of Y=227 per US$ by 1980. Prior to this, it had reached a peak of Y=271 per US$ in 1973. The yen is subject to a "dirty float" system since the Japanese government has maintained a policy of currency intervention since 1973. The Japanese government concentrated on a crowded export market and worked to maintain a trade surplus to keep the yen's exchange rate as low as possible. This situation was briefly altered by the Plaza Accord of 1985; the exchange rate dropped from its average of Y=239 per dollar in 1985 to Y=128 in 1988 before reaching a peak rate of Y=80 against the US$ in 1995, effectively raising the value of Japan's GDP in dollar terms to almost that of the United States. But the value of the yen has significantly dropped since then. The Bank of Japan continues to follow a policy of interest rates that are zero or almost zero, and the Japanese government has in the past adopted a strong anti-inflation strategy.